Rivista di studi ungheresi

Un’ applicazione del Data-Driven Learning in Ungheria: per un apprendimento dell’italiano in contesto universitario

Alessio Amato — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents and comments on the data relating to the perception of the usefulness of the Data-Driven Learning (hereafter DDL) method and the activities and tools connected to it. These data were collected thanks to the voluntary participation of a sample of Hungarian learners of Italian L2 and Italian mother tongue teachers of Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest (Hungary). The investigation takes into account the small amount of international research on the use and the effects of the DDL approach in a university context for teaching and learning the Italian L2 and FL language. Questionnaires were administered to the survey participants prior to their exposure to the method in order to analyze their needs in terms of potential learning difficulties considering some traits of the Hungarian language on the basis of contrastive linguistics studies. Following exposure to DDL activities paper and computer-based and the use of SKELL (Sketch Engine for Language Learning), qualitative interviews and focus groups were organized to find out the opinions on the method of a portion of the sample. The results confirm the participants’ positive perception of the DDL approach, although some perceived critical issues emerge which were deemed useful to report. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to continue further studies on the DDL within the Hungarian and international academic and scholastic contexts to further strengthen the research-practice combination in the respective figures of researchers and teachers.

Costruzione dei ruoli femminili nell’epoca della Riforma protestante ungherese

Judit Balogh — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Hungarian history of the 16th century was full of trauma. The Mohács disaster, the division of the country into two, and then three parts, the Ottoman presence caused the disruption of the traditional structure of society and the fragmentation of many social roles. In this situation, men were burdened with many responsibilities outside the home, women were almost widowed, and these facts created conditions for them that caused them to reevaluate and expand their traditional roles, many times new situations were brought by life itself, other times it depended on the ingenuity of the women themselves, their personalities. In addition to the classic maternal and economic duties, women learned to read and write, and the reformation program on general reading of the Bible gave these activities an argumentative basis. Girls’ schools did not exist in Hungary at that time, women were educated at noble courts, but increasingly they expanded their knowledge in theological issues as well. The women presented in the study lived in northeastern Hungary, which alternately belonged to Transylvania and Royal Hungary. Their husbands performed active military service, and they were often involved in this area as well. These nobles also acted independently in the field of theology, there were many examples of this in their lives. In addition to their traditional duties, all three also got involved in previously unknown areas and devoted themselves, for example, to organizing synods, founding schools, patronage duties of their husbands or political negotiations. The new conditions of the time are also shown by the fact that, despite the violation of traditional female roles, the violation of social norms, their actions were perceived positively by society and preserved in historical memory.

Fiumanità di passaggio in Géza Kenedi e Lőrinc Szabó

Nicolò Dal Bello — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This short essay is an excerpt from a master’s thesis titled «I could have reached the sea without them». Ethos and Literary Field in the Fiume Exiles. After a reflection on the Hungarian myth of Fiume and the political use the Hungarian Crown made of the concept of corpus separatum, the works of Géza Kenedi and Lőrinc Szabó are thorough. During the short time they visited the city, these authors were invested by the historical and mythical weight that characterizes Fiume. Géza Kenedi goes beyond a production apparently subjected to the rules of the Hungarian power field and identifies a form of devotion for a city and an ethos of freedom apparently lost forever. Lőrinc Szabó instead develops a form of ethos of memory, evoking between travel reports and poetry a feeling of profound belonging to the city and demonstrating how the boundaries of the literary field can always be crossed by those who choose to submit to the stakes active there. Moving away from Fiume as the “gateway to the sea” and from the narrative of the period of dualism as the city’s moment of maximum splendor, Kenedi and Szabó’s productions demonstrate their original independence, a sign of a “humanity of passage” invested with a sincere Rijeka ethos and rejecting the symbolic violence of the Hungarian government, interested in the political strength of the myth of the “Hungarian sea”.

Translation – Writing – ChatGPT: a linguistic analysis

Andrea Pap — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the translation and writing output of the ChatGPT (version 3.5) artificial intelligence language model in several languages. According to some research results, ChatGPT performs competitively with translation products (e.g. Google Translate) for high-resource European languages, but lags significantly for low-resource languages such as Hungarian. In the present study, the language products of the two AI tools (ChatGPT, Google Translate) were analysed by translating different types of texts. Both tools turned out to have advantages and disadvantages, with the quality of the translation depending on the text to be translated (e.g. type of text, style, topic), the languages to be translated, and the purpose of the translation. The study analyses the translation and writing performance of ChatGPT (version 3.5) through different text types, compared with the language products of Google Translate, taking into account the linguistic and stylistic characteristics of each text type: short introduction, cover letter, academic/technical text and literary text (poem). Different aspects of the linguistic data are analysed based on three languages (Hungarian, Italian, and English), with Hungarian as the reference language. The research aims to determine: (1) differences and similarities in the translation and writing of each type of text produced by the two AI tools; and (2) the characteristics that can be detected based on the analysis criteria, including spelling, lexical, grammatical, and pragmatic (language use) levels. The results of the analysis show that each type of text is produced in different linguistic qualities by the two AI tools (ChatGPT and Google Translate) created for different purposes.

Uno Harva e la religione dei popoli altaici

Elisa Zanchetta — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The key work of the Finnish anthropologist Uno Harva (1882-1949) related to the religious conceptions of the Altaians has been recently published in Italian. Altain suvun uskonto (“The Altaians’ religion) was first published in Finnish in 1933, sixteen years after the conclusion of the field work Harva carried out in the Altai mountains, as a result of a thorough work of editing and rearrangement of the several written and oral sources he had restored to. This work marked a break with regards to the previous tradition, since it offered a new and wider range of comparative material, shown with a new approach and a renewed structure, which had a huge impact on the principles of research in the fields of anthropology and history of religions. The various chapters illustrate the world view, the religious, funeral, hunting and sacrificial rites, ending with a rich section dedicated to the shamanism among the Altai peoples. Passing through the legends about the creation of the world and the human kind to the end of the world, from the myths about celestial bodies to natural phenomena, from guardian-spirits to the concept of animism, Harva lays the basis for approaching the final chapter about shamanism, having available all the key concepts for a better understanding of this world view.

Seminario di studi – La Storia e la cultura magiara nell’Europa centro-orientale: problematiche e dibattiti nell’esperienza della RSU (Sapienza, 19 dicembre 2024)

Leonardo Bianchini — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Medioevo e medievalismo tra socialismo e comunismo: l’esperienza del Blocco orientale (1945-1989)

Andrea Fara, Emanuela Costantini — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Un omaggio alla carriera del Prof. Jozsef Pal

Lorenzo Marmiroli — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Intimidazione russa per un romanzo autobiografico sugli stupri di guerra dell’Armata Rossa

Redazione RSU — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

L’ aviazione austro-ungarica nella Grande guerra

Leonardo Bianchini — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The contribution is an excerpt from the master’s thesis in Scienze Storiche – titled La Grande guerra aerea, 1915-1918, dai primordi dell’aviazione all’impiego in Albania – and aims to illustrate the origins and development of air forces, particularly those of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, during the years of the Great War. Drawing from the limited available literature and sources (both military and journalistic) preserved in the Archivio dell’Ufficio Storico dell’Aeronautica Militare (the Italian Air Force historical archive), the objective is to provide a snapshot of the history of the main adversary of the “Italian wings” in the skies of the Italian front and beyond.

Il Turan nell’Ungheria dualista

Andrea Carteny — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to approach the topic of Turanism in Hungary during the Dualism. In the context of the rise of pan-nationanlisms, in an ethnocultural perspective, Hungarian culture/science found the myth of Turan as a very attractive orientation to be part of an intercontinental family of language and of anthropology. Starting with the linguistical and philological studies, the ethno-anthropological thesis of the Turanian ethno-genesis in common with Ugric groups but also Turko-Altaic ones, grew up in the Dualist Hungary, as the most nationalist and conservative approach. Literature and poetry described the need to restore the ancient ethnicity looking to East and to the brotherhood with Uralo-Altaic peoples. WW1 was the context when Austria-Hungary gave to the Hungarian Turanism the mission to build an alliance with Turks and Turanic countries from Central Asia.

Alcune considerazioni sulla storia antica degli ungheresi (Parte 1)

Edit Rozsavolgyi — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The ancient history of the Hungarian people is shrouded in numerous uncertainties, giving rise to multiple hypotheses. The historical narrative of the Magyars begins with their settlement in the Carpathian Basin, in present-day Hungary, which took place in 895. For earlier periods, the available information is limited, fragmented, and lacks direct documentation. The first historical sources date back to the 9th century and come from Arab, Persian, Byzantine, and Russian chroniclers. The study of the formation and evolution of the Hungarian-speaking community relies on an interdisciplinary approach. From the latter half of the 19th century to the mid-20th century, historiography and historical-comparative linguistics played a predominant role. Subsequently, archaeology became central, while in recent decades, the integration of genetics and archaeology has given rise to archaeogenetics, an innovative discipline that opens new perspectives for investigating periods predating written records. Between the linguistic independence of Hungarian, dating back approximately 3,500 years, and the documented history of the Magyars, which spans the last 1,200 years, lies a gap of around 2,300 years. This interval raises fundamental questions: what happened or might have happened to the Hungarians during this long intermediate period? How can we authentically reconstruct their past prior to the historical sources? This contribution initiates a series of reflections on such questions, with a particular focus on the role of the available historical testimonies. We will explore why it is essential to revisit them today and what “losses” or “gains” may arise from this process of reinterpretation.

Miklos Banffy e la Transilvania

Lorenzo Bianchini — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Romaba minden uton. Az italianista zarandoklatai di Imre Madarasz

Simona Nicolosi — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

L’ uomo che pesca di Imre Oravecz

Eleonora Papp — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In memoria di Nora Palmai

Laszlo Csorba — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000