I regimi internazionali e l’evoluzione dell’economia globale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3651/18272Parole chiave:
Bretton Woods, political economy, global governance, macroeconomic policy coordination, global fragmentationAbstract
La finalità di questo articolo è spiegare l’evoluzione di lungo periodo del sistema economico globale dal secondo dopoguerra ad oggi e le alterne fasi di stabilità e frammentazione che l’hanno caratterizzata. Traendo spunto da un lavoro di Salvatore Biasco e utilizzando un approccio di Economia Politica Internazionale (IPE) l’evoluzione del contesto globale viene suddivisa in quattro sottoperiodi: due caratterizzati dalla presenza di regimi di governance globale, pur profondamente diversi, l’uno negli anni ’50 e ’60 (Bretton Woods) e l’altro negli anni ’90 fino alla crisi globale del 2008-2009 (la Grande Moderazione); e due fasi collocate rispettivamente negli anni ’80 (l’Interdipendenza Oligopolistica) e nello scorso decennio (Ristagno Secolare), entrambe caratterizzate da periodi di transizione più o meno instabili. Nell’ultima parte dell’articolo vengono formulati diversi scenari di evoluzione dell’economia globale e vengono individuate le condizioni necessarie per frenare la frammentazione in corso.
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