La Cina e la sfida al primato scientifico e tecnologico occidentale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3651/19012Parole chiave:
neoliberalism, development economics, Washington Consensus, China, technological progressAbstract
Sin dai tempi di Adam Smith, il dibattito sullo sviluppo economico ha prodotto riflessioni significative. Tuttavia, dagli anni Ottanta, con l’avvento degli aggiustamenti strutturali, ha prevalso un paradigma di sviluppo neoliberista promosso dal Washington Consensus. Imposte ai paesi del Sud Globale, queste politiche hanno causato deindustrializzazione, riduzione del PIL pro-capite e perdita di sovranità economica. In risposta, la Cina ha seguito un percorso alternativo: il Beijing Consensus, fondato su una strategia graduale, pianificata e autonoma di industrializzazione e innovazione. Evitando liberalizzazioni rapide e privatizzazioni indiscriminate, ha raggiunto una crescita media superiore al 5% per oltre quarant’anni, superando gli Stati Uniti in termini di PIL a parità di potere d’acquisto. L’articolo analizza il ruolo dello stato e dell’Accademia Cinese delle Scienze nella pianificazione dello sviluppo tecnologico ed economico. L’analisi mette in discussione le previsioni negative della letteratura economica occidentale e offre spunti cruciali per ripensare le politiche di sviluppo nei paesi del Sud Globale.
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