Dall’egemonia alla contestazione: l’imperialismo del debito e la riorganizzazione dell’economia mondiale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3651/19496Parole chiave:
debt imperialism, dollar hegemony, semi-periphery, financial crisis, trade warAbstract
Negli ultimi anni l’economia mondiale è entrata in una fase di crescente conflittualità, segnata da guerre commerciali, sanzioni finanziarie e tensioni geopolitiche. L’articolo interpreta tali dinamiche attraverso il concetto di imperialismo del debito, inteso come una configurazione in cui il centro imperiale sostiene deficit esterni persistenti emettendo passività finanziarie richieste a livello internazionale. A partire da un modello tripolare – centro debitore, semi-periferia industriale orientata all’export e periferia dipendente – il lavoro analizza dati internazionali relativi al periodo 1975-2023. L’analisi mostra che l’ascesa economica e tecnologica delle semi-periferie, in particolare della Cina, ha aperto una fase di contestazione dell’egemonia finanziaria del centro e lo ha indotto a mobilitare le proprie leve di potere per difendere la propria posizione nell’economia mondiale.
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