Disoccupazione in Europa:fatti e proposte

Autori

  • Riccardo Fiorito

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3651/9697

Abstract

 This paper evaluates the rise in unemployment due to both labour force and employment components. In Europe, the rise in unemployment mostly re­flects the weakness of employment response to activity levels, as when la­bour hoarding occurs. Yet, the relevance of labour force cannot be neglected whenever unemployment persistence is explained by turnover costs that ne­cessarily rely on labour force heterogeneity. Growth possibilities were redu­ced in Europe by excessive market regulations both in product and labour markets, so that removing rigidities in labour market only is economical1y insufficient and politically untenable. Finally, employment growth has also been damaged by excessive tax rates on labour, stemming from different combinations of social security and in come taxes.

 

 

JEL Codes: E24

 

Riferimenti bibliografici

AKERLOF G.A e J.L. YELLEN eds (1986), Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

ALOGOSKOUFIS G. (1996), "Unemployment persistence in Europe revisited", dattiloscritto, AUEB.

ALOGOSKOUFIS G. e A. MANNING (1988), "On the persistence of unemployment", Economic Policy, vol. 7, pp. 428-69.

AOKI M. e R. FIORITO (1993), "Analysis of US real Gnp and unemployment interactions: state space approach", Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 385-99.

BARRO R.J. (1988), "The persistence of unemployment", American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 32-37.

BARRO R.J e H. GROSSMAN (1976), Money, Employment and Inflation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

BEAN C.R. (1994), "European unemployment: a survey", Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 573-619.

BEAN C.R., P.R.G. LAYARD e S.J. NICKELL (1986), "The rise in unemployment: a multicountry study", Economica, Supplement, vol. 53, pp. S1-S22.

BENTOLEA S. e G. BERTOLA (1990), "Firing costs and labour demand: how bad is eurosclerosis?", Review of Economic Studies, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 381-402.

BERTOLA G. (1990), "Job security, employment and wages", European Economic Review, vol. 34, pp. 851-86.

BERTOLA G. e A. ICHINO (1995), "Wage inequality and unemployment: US vs Europe", in NBER, Macroeconomic Annual, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

BERTOLA G. e A. ICHINO (1995), "Crossing the river: a comparative perspective on Italian employment dynamics", Economic Policy, vol. 21, pp. 361-420.

BERTOLA G. e R. ROGERSON (1997), "Institutions and labor market reallocation", European Economic Review, vol. 41, pp. 1147-71.

BLANCHARD O.J. e L. SUMMERS (1986), "Hysteresis and the European unemploasysm. ent rate", in NBER, Macroeconomic Annual, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

BLANCHARD 0.J., R. DORNBUSCH, J. DREZE, R. LAYARD e M. MONTI (1986), "Employment growth in Europe: a two-handed approach", in O.J. Blanchard et al. eds, Restoring Europe's Prosperity, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

BRUNO M. e J. SACHS (1985), Economics of Worldwide Stagflation, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

BURDA M. e C. WYPLOSZ (1994), "Gross worker and job flows in Europe", European Economic Review, vol. 38, pp. 1287-315.

DE CECCO M. (1972), "Una interpretazione ricardiana della dinamica della forza lavoro in Italia nel decennio 1959-69", Note Economiche, n. 1, pp. 5-47.

EICHENBAUM M. (1991), "Real business cycle: wisdom or whimsy?", Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 15, pp. 607-26.

EMERSON M. (1988), "Regulation or deregulation of the labor market", European Economic Review, vol. 32, pp. 775-817.

FAIR R. (1969), The Short-Run Demand for Workers and Hours, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

FAY J. e J. MEDOFF (1985), "Labor input over the business cycle", American Economic Review, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 638-55.

FIORITO R. (1997), "Stylized facts of government finance in the G7", IMF Research Department Working Paper, no. 97/142.

FIORITO R. e T. KOLLINTZAS (1994), "Stylized facts of business cycles in the G7 from a real business cycles perspective", European Economic Review, no. 38, pp. 235- 69.

FIORITO R. e F. PADRINI (1993), "Unemployment components in the G7 countries", Labour, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 129-41.

FIORITO R. e F. PADRINI (1997), "Distortionary taxation and unemployment", EUI Working Paper, Florence.

FITOUSSI J.P. e E.S. PHELPS (1988), The Slump in Europe, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

HOPENHAYN H. e R. ROGERSON (1993), "Job turnover and policy evaluation: a general equilibrium approach", Journal of Political Economy, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 915- 38.

KILLINGS WORTH M. (1983), Labour Supply, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

KOEDIJK K. e J. KREMERS (1996), "Market openings and growth in Europe", Economic Policy, October, pp. 445-60.

KYDLAND F. e E.C. PRESCOTT (1982), "Time to build and aggregate fluctuations", Econornetrica, vol. 50, pp. 1345-70.

KYDLAND F. e E.C. PRESCOTT (1990), "Business cycles: real facts and a monetary myth", Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, vol. 14, Spring, pp. 3-18.

LA MALFA G. e S. VINCI (1970), "Il tasso di partecipazione della forza lavoro in Italia", L'Industria, n. 4, pp. 445-69.

LAZEAR E.P. (1990), "Job security provision and employment", Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 699-726.

LINDBECK A. e D.J. SNOWER (1988), The Insider-Outsider Theory of Employment and Unemployment, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

LUCAS Jr R.E. (1990), "Supply-side economics: an analytical overview", Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 42, pp. 293-316.

MALINVAUD E. (1977), The Theory of Unemployment Reconsidered, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

MENDOZA E., A. RAZIN e L. TESAR (1993), "Effective tax rates in macroeconomics: crosscountry estimates of tax rates on factor incomes and consumption", Jour-nal of Monetary Economics, vol. 34, pp. 297-323.

NADIR' M.I. e S. ROSEN (1973), A Disequilibrium Model of Demand for Factors of Production, NBER and Columbia University Press, New York.

NELSON C. e C. PLOSSER (1982), "Trends and random walks in macroeconomic time series", Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 10, pp. 139-62.

OECD (1995), The Oecd Jobs Study: Implementing the Strategy, Paris.

OECD (1997), Employment Outlook, Paris.

I W. (1962), "Labor as a quasi-fixed factor", Journal of Political Economy, vol. LXX, pp. 538-55.

PRESCOTT E.C. (1986), "Theory ahead of measurement", Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, Fall, pp. 9-22.

SAINT-PAUL G. (1996), "Exploring the political economy of labour market institutions", Economic Policy, October, pp. 265-317.

SARGENT T.J. (1978), "Estimation of labor demand schedules under rational expectations", Journal of Political Economy, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1009-44.

SARGENT T.J. (1979), Macroeconomic Theory, Academic Press, New York.

SYLOS LABINI P. (1964), Oligopolio e progresso tecnico, Einaudi, Torino.

TARANTELLI E. (1970), "Produttività del lavoro, salari e inflazione", Quaderni di ricerche del Centro L. Einaudi, Roma; ristampato in F. Modigliani ed E. Tarantelli, Mercato del lavoro, distribuzione del reddito e consumi privati, il Mulino, Bologna, 1975.

TARANTELLI E. (1986), Economia politica del lavoro, UTET, Torino.

TELLA A. (1964), "The relation of labor to employment", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, no. 4, pp. 69-83.

##submission.downloads##

Pubblicato

2012-04-19

Fascicolo

V. 51 N. 201 (1998)

Sezione

Articoli

Licenza

Licenza Creative Commons 

Ogni materiale pubblicato sul sito e gli articoli pubblicati sulla rivista sono distribuiti con Licenza internazionale Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0. Copia della licenza è disponibile alla URL http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0. Gli autori mantengono i diritti sulla loro opera e cedono alla rivista il diritto di prima pubblicazione dell'opera con la licenza suindicata.