La geografia del potere bancario: il ruolo delle distanze funzionali (The Geography of Banking Power: Role of Function Distance)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3651/9742Parole chiave:
sistema bancario italiano, distanza operativa, regioni, ItaliaAbstract
In questo lavoro analizziamo la nuova geografia del sistema bancario italiano che si è determinata in seguito al processo di integrazione delle strutture bancarie negli ultimi anni. L’analisi dell’evoluzione del sistema bancario si basa sul concetto di distanza. In particolare, non facciamo soltanto riferimento alla distanza tradizionale tra banca e clienti, che è la distanza operativa, ma anche alla distanza tra centri decisionali delle banche e i sistemi locali. L’oggetto del saggio riguarda gli effetti che la distanza (o prossimità) funzionale determina sulla performance delle banche in termini di allocazione del credito, sull’efficienza e sulla profittabilità. Le nostre stime econometriche provano che la prossimità funzionale ha effetti territoriali asimmetrici sulla performance delle banche. I suoi effetti benefici sono statisticamente evidenti per le regioni meridionali meno sviluppate, mentre non sono significativamente rilevanti per le regioni più sviluppate del Centro-Nord dell’Italia.
In this paper we analyze the new geography of the Italian banking system that has arisen after the integration of banking structures in recent years. The analysis of the evolution of the banking system is based on the concept of distance. In particular, we do not only refer to the traditional distance between banks and customers, which is the operating distance, but also to the distance between the centers of decision-making banks and local systems. The subject of the essay is about the effects that the distance (or proximity) function determines on the performance of banks in terms of credit allocation, on efficiency and on profitability. Our econometric estimates show that the functional proximity has asymmetric territorial effect on the performance of banks. Its beneficial effects are statistically obvious to the less developed southern regions, while they are not significantly relevant to the more developed regions of central and northern Italy.
JEL Codes: G21, R12
Keywords: sistema bancario italiano, distanza operativa, regioni, Italia
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