From the Dawn of Veterinary Medicine to the "One World - One Medicine - One Health" Model: Some Historical, Philosophical, Anthropological, Legal and Bioethical Reflections
Authors
Mariano Martini
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) Section of History of Medicine and Ethics University of Genoa
Joël Candau
Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Anthropology and Psychology (LAPCOS), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Hicham Hicham Khabbache
Laboratory of Theological Studies, Cognitive and Social Sciences Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sais, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Ma
Mohamed Zouhir
Laboratory of Theological Studies, Cognitive and Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sais, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez
Flavio Tovani
PhD in Individual Person and Legal Protections - Human Person, Liabilities and Contracts Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa
Tania Simona Re
UNESCO Chair “Health Anthropology, Biosphere and Healing systems”, Genoa
Angelo Ferrari
Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Public Health, Genoa
Keywords:
Zooanthropology , Veterinary medicine , Animals ethics, “One world – one medicine – one health” model
Abstract
This article outlines the historico-philosophical and bio-juridical foundations of the "one world - one medicine - one health" model introduced by Schwabe, as an interdisciplinary approach to govern the public health challenges. Virchow and Osler stated that no barriers between human and veterinary medicine should exist. Globalization, savage human activities, climate changes, new eating habits and livestock developments, leading to zoonoses, make this message urgent. The unity of medicine dates back to the dawn of humanity: the centaur Chiron represents the union of human and veterinary medicine, subsequently separated in a man's logic of domination over nature. The birth of comparative anatomy, the Romanticism and the Darwinism have affirmed the intrinsic value of animals; ethology, zooanthropology and zoosemiotics have led to the awareness of what it is like being-in-the world as an animal, together with a gradual bio-juridical recognition. Collaborating between doctors and veterinarians is crucial for the contemporary challenges.
