The Paper Deals With The Beginning of Clinical Psychology in the first Years of XX Century , When a Central Role Was Played by the Theoretical and Pratical Approach on Mental Retardation and Behavioural Disorders of L. Witmer. The author describes the cultural formation of Witmer, between structural psychology and fuctionalism, and the special attention he devoted to the management and education of children affected by mental retardation and behavioural problems.