The influence of slope damage on the kinematics of landslides

Abstract

The stability of large rock slopes is controlled by geological, structural, geomorphic, and environmental factors, which define the location, size, and failure mechanism of landslides. However, the stability of a slope can change with time, as a result of the formation and accumulation of slope damage, which weakens the rock mass forming the slope or the rupture surface of the incipient landslide. In this paper, we review three landslide sites, analysing the characteristics of the slope damage, and highlighting its effects on the kinematics of the slope and the evolution of the landslide. We note that, despite the importance of slope damage in controlling the timing and evolution of a slope failure, no frameworks or guidelines currently exist for performing a consistent and systematic analysis. We also emphasize that interdisciplinary approaches should be developed to assist in the quantification and characterization of rock slope damage.