Past and future regulation to prevent a systemic financial crisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643/9431Keywords:
introduction, financial crisis, rulesAbstract
The article is a revised and updated version of that published on the March 2010 issues of Moneta e Credito. It was there claimed that, up to now, the G20 has supervised the process to revitalize the real economy affected by the Great Recession through fiscal stimuli and a very easy monetary policy, and to rescue the battered financial system by injecting capital into giant banks and firms. The G20 is now turning its attention to financial regulation, with the FSB as its main operational arm. The ideas that are being proposed stress the need for disincentives toward too much risk taking (more capital, higher liquidity, limits to remunerations and bonuses, etc.), particularly by big and complex financial institutions that are likely to entail systemic risks. The paper maintains that, as the disincentive approach is insufficient to deter financial managers looking for power, some kind of segmentation needs to be introduced, as suggested by Paul Volcker.
JEL Codes: E44, G1, G18, G28
References
ACHARYA V., PEDERSON L., PHILIPPON T., RICHARDSON M. (2009), “Regulating Systemic Risk,” in Restoring Financial Stability: How to Repair a Failed System, ed. by Viral Acharya and Matthew Richardson, Wiley and Sons, New York.
ALFORD H. (2010), “18 Ways to Break the Bank.” The New York Times, February 4.
ALLEN F., GALE D. (2000), Comparing Financial Systems, The MIT Press, Cambridge, (Mass.).
ANDREWS E.L. (2009), “Bernanke in Nod to Critics, Suggests Board of Regulators” New York Times, October 2.
ANDRITZKY J., KIFF J., KODRES L., MADRID P., MAECHLER A., NARAIN A., SACASA N.,
SCARLATA J. (2009), “Policies to Mitigate Pro-cyclicality,” IMF Staff Position Notes, N. 09/09, International Monetary Fund, Washington.
BCBS (2009), Strengthening the resilience of the banking sector, December.
BCBS (2009), International framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring, December.
BCBS (2009), Enhancements to the Basel II framework, July.
BCBS (2009), Report and recommendations of the Cross-border Bank Resolution Group, September.
BCBS (2008), Principles for Sound Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision, September.
BERGER A.N., HUMPHREY D.B. (1994), “Bank Scale Economies, Mergers, Concentration, and Efficiency: The U.S. Experience,” Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers, N. 94-25, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
BIS (2009), 79th Annual Report 2008–09, Basel.
BORIO C., LOWE P. (2002), “Asset prices, financial and monetary stability: exploring the nexus,” paper presented at the BIS conference on Changes through Time: Measurement and Policy Options,” BIS Working Papers, n. 114, July, Basel.
BRUNNERMEIER M., CROCKETT A., GOODHART C., PERSAUD A.D., SHIN H. (2009), “The Fundamental Principles of Financial Regulation,” Geneva Reports on the World Economy 11, Preliminary Conference Draft, International Centre for Monetary and Banking Studies, Geneva.
DE LAROSIERE J. (2009), Report of the High-Level Group on Financial Supervision in the EU.
FABI F., LAVIOLA S., MARULLO REEDTZ P. (2005), “Lending decisions, pro-cyclicality and the New Basel Capital Accord”, in “Investigating the relationship between the financial and the real economy”, BIS Papers, no. 22, Basel, April, pp. 361-91.
FERGUSON T., JOHNSON R. (2009), “Too Big to Bail: The ‘Paulson Put’, Presidential Politics, and the Global Financial Meltdown”, International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 38, no. 1, Spring, pp. 3-34.
FREIXAS X., ROCHET J.C. (1997), Microeconomics of Banking, The MIT Press, Cambridge, (Mass).
FSB (2009), Overview of Progress in Implementing the London Summit Recommendations for Strengthening Financial Stability, September 25.
FSB (2009), Improving Financial Regulation, September 25.
FSF (2009), Principles for Sound Compensation Practices, April 2.
G20 (2009), Leaders’ Statement, The Pittsburgh Summit, September 25.
G20 (2009), Leaders’ Statement, The Global Plan for Recovery and Reform, London, April 2.
G20 (2009), Declaration on strengthening the financial system, London, April 2.
G20 (2008), Declaration – Summit on Financial Markets and World Economy, Washington, November 15.
G20 FMCBG (2009), Communiqué, September 5.
G20 FMCBG (2009), Declaration on further steps to strengthen the financial system, September 5.
G20 FMCBG (2009), Progress Report on the Actions of the London and Washington G20 Summits, 5 September.
GIOVANNINI A. (2008), “Reforms that can boost securities markets”, Financial Times, July 31.
GREENSPAN A. (1999), “Do efficient financial markets mitigate financial crises?”, remarks before the 1999 Financial Markets Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 19, Sea Island, Georgia.
GREENSPAN A. (1996), “The Challenge of Central Banking in a Democratic Society”, remarks at the Annual Dinner and Francis Boyer Lecture of The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, December 5, Washington, D.C..
GROUP OF THIRTY (2009), Financial Reform: A Framework for Financial Stability, Washington, (D.C.).
IMF (2009), Global Financial Stability Report – Navigating the Financial Challenges Ahead, October.
IMF (2009), Global Financial Stability Report – Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risk, April.
KAPLAN R., MERTON R., RICHARD S. (2009), “Il fair value sperduto nel labirinto delle banche”, Il Sole-24 Ore, August 19, p. 1 e p.2.
KASHYAPA A., RAJAN R., STEIN J. (2008) “Rethinking Capital Regulation”, paper prepared for the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City’s symposium on Maintaining Stability in a Changing Financial System, August 21–23, Jackson Hole, (Wyoming).
KREGEL J. (2010), “Can a return to Glass-Steagall provide financial stability in the US financial system?”, PSL Quarterly Review, vol. 63, n. 252, pp. 39-76.
MAES I. (2009), “On the origins of the BIS macro-prudential approach to financial stability: Alexandre Lamfalussy and financial fragility”, Working Paper Research, n. 176, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels.
MASERA R.S. (ed.) (2009), The Great Financial Crisis – Economics, Regulation and Risk, Bancaria Editrice, Rome.
MILLER M.H. (1986), “Financial innovation: The last twenty years and the next”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis”, vol. 21, n. 4, pp. 459-471.
MOTTURA P. (2010), “Per una ri-regolamentazione efficace”, Bancaria, vol. 66, n. 4, pp. 2-22.
NERSISYAN Y., WRAY L.R. (2010), “The Global Financial Crisis and the Shift to Shadow Banking”, Levy Economics Institute Working Paper Series, n. 587, February.
ONIDA F. (2009), “Protezionismo – Non mettete la camicia di forza al commercio”, Il Sole-24 Ore, August 30, p. 1.
POOLE W. (2009), “A Market Solution to Secure Banks’ Future”, Financial Times, May 20.
PRICEWATERHUOSECOOPERS (2004), Markt/2003/02/F – Study on the financial and macroeconomic consequences of the draft proposed new capital requirements for banks and investment firms in EU, April 8.
RONCAGLIA A. (2010), Economisti che sbagliano. Le radici culturali della crisi, Laterza, Roma-Bari.
SARCINELLI M. (2009), “2007: la crisi da subprime”, in Rita Perez (ed.), Finanza privata e finanza pubblica – I mutui subprime e la spending review, Maggioli editore, Santarcangelo di Romagna, pp. 97-123.
SARCINELLI M. (2009), “Globalizzazione, squilibri nelle bilance dei pagamenti e sistema monetario internazionale”, AREL, la rivista, n. 2, pp. 151-157.
SARCINELLI M. (2009), “Innovazione finanziaria: opportunità e criticità”, Bancaria, vol. 65, n. 7-8, pp. 69-72.
SARCINELLI M. (2009), “La riscoperta della liquidità”, Notiziario della Banca Popolare di Sondrio, n. 110, August 2009, pp. 24-26.
SARCINELLI M. (2005), Il nuovo accordo di Basilea e la sua pro-ciclicità, mimeo.
SARCINELLI M. (2004), “La vigilanza sul sistema finanziario: obiettivi, assetti e approcci”, Moneta e Credito, n. 227, republished on line (2009) Moneta e Credito, nn. 245- 248, pp. 145-190.
SARCINELLI M. (2003), “Crisi economiche e mercati finanziari: è di aiuto un nuovo ordine finanziario?”, Moneta e Credito, n. 224.
SHILLER R.J. (2003), The New Financial Order: Risk in the 21st Century, Princeton University Press, (Princeton).
SHILLER R.J. (2000), Irrational Exuberance, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
SHILLER R.J., AKERLOF G.A. (2009), Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism, Princeton University Press Princeton.
THE ECONOMIST (2009), “Death warmed up”, October 1.
TONVERONACHI M. (2010), “Cominciamo a parlare della prossima crisi”, Moneta e Credito, vol. 63, n. 249, pp. 35-50.
TUCKER P. (2009), “Restoring Confidence – Moving Forward,” speech to the British Bankers’ Association Annual International Banking Conference, London, June 30.
VOLCKER P. (2010), “How to Reform Our Financial System”, New York Times, January 31.
VOLCKER P. (2009), “Le banche devono fare solo le banche”, interview by Claudio Gatti, Il Sole-24 Ore, September 10, p. 10.