What can we learn by connecting neurons in a nanodevice?

Abstract

 A  brief overview of examples selected from the literature and concerning structural and functional properties of neurons  explored by systematic use of nanodevices is  provided, in the aim to show that: i)  the native clustering ability of isolated neurons can be controlled and induced to form clusters of interconnected functional units  on appropriately engineered nanodevices;ii) the initiation of Synchronized Bursting Events (SBE) by local chemical  stimulation  can be evidentiated in cultured neurons using Micro Electrode Arrays (MEA);iii) the interactions among different cell types (cocultures) can be studied in  compartimentalized microfluidic platforms where different microenvironments are separated and let communicate through  microchannels.        Over and above their intrinsic value, such exemplary cases inspired our own research projects on cocultures  of electrically excitable cells. Our main target are the mechanisms of axon-localized  neuronal damage, as arising in some rare neurodegenerative pathologies as well as in Amiothrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In this frame, clarifying the sequence of events initiating the formation of structural interactions between neurons and miocytes is mandatory, and even mimicking the Neuromuscolar junctions appears feasible.